39. break down
1) 破坏；拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。
The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)据了解和谈破裂了。
2)（机器）损毁 Our truck broke down outside town. 大家的卡车在城外抛锚了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。
3) 失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对建议打消了。
4) 精神崩溃；失控 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失声痛哭。
5) 起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化学物质引起食物转化。
50. So + be／have／助动词／情态动词＋主词的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，So代替上句中的某个成分。假如上面一句是不是定句，则用Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语的结构。
Hes tired，and so am I．(＝I m also tired．)
You can swim，and so can I．(＝I can also swim．)
She has had supper，and so can I．(＝Ive had lunch，too．)
Tom speaks English，and so does his sister．(＝His sister speaks English，too．)
A： I went to the park yesterday．
B： So did I．(＝I also went to the park yesterday．)
51.So +主语+be／have／助动词／情态动词结构中的主谓是正常语序，so等于indeed，certainly，表示说话人对前面或他们所说状况的一定、同意或证实，语气较强，意思是确实这样。
A：It was cold yesterday．昨天非常冷。
B：So it was．的确这样。(＝Yes，it was．)
A：You seem to like sports．
B：So I do．(＝Yes，I do．)
A：It will be fine tomorrow．
B：So it will．(＝Yes ，it will．)
52.主语+do/does/did + so结构指的是按上句的需要做了。此句型中do so代替上文中需要做的事，以免重复。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed inmy composition on time.) 语文老师叫我按时交作文， 我照办了。
53. So it is with或 It is the same with句型表示 (的状况)也是这样。目前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同状况，需要用本句型，不可以用so 引起的倒装句。
She doesnt play the piano， but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.
54. There you are. 行了，好。 这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最后结果的用语。
There you are！ Then lets have some coffee.
此外，还可以表示瞧，对吧（果然这样）的语气。
There you are！ I knew we should find it at last.
对吧！我就了解大家最后能找到的。
55. have some difficulty (in) doing sth. 干某事有困难；接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.
①Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding English？
你理解英语口语有困难吗？
②She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.
她说她在发音方面有困难。
56. have a good knowledge of sth. 学会，对有某种程度的认知
①He has a good knowledge of London.
他对伦敦知道一些。
②A good knowledge of languages is always useful.
57. Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生，非常有趣。
fun 好玩，趣事，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词a。
Youre sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你一定会玩得非常高兴。
make fun of取笑，嘲弄。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a
strange jacket.大家嘲笑他只不过由于他穿了一件那样奇怪的衣服。
funny adj. 可笑的，滑稽的。He looks very funny in his fathers jacket.他穿着他爸爸
的衣服，看起来非常滑稽。
58. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。
这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主语，it是形式主语。
59. 直接引语和间接引语
（1）直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。
eg： I broke your CD player. (一般过去时改成过去完成时)
He told me he had broken my CD player.
Jenny said， I have lost a book.
(目前完成时改成过去完成时)
Jenny said she had lost a book.
Mum said， Ill go to see a friend.
(一般以后时改成过去以后时)
Mum said she would go to see a friend.
过去完成时保留原有些时态
He said， We hadnt finished our homework.
He said they hadnt finished their homework.
注意 直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。
（2）在直接引语变间接引语时，假如从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要根据主句中主语的人称变化。如：
Mary said， My brother is an engineer.
Mary said her brother was and engineer.
（3）直接引语若是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：
He said， Can you run， Mike？
He asked Mike whether/if he could run.
（4）直接引语若是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask， order， beg等) (not) to do sth.句型。如：
Pass me the water， please.said he.
He asked him to pass her the water.
（5）直接引语若是以Lets开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，一般用suggest+动名词或从句的结构。如：
She said， Lets go to the cinema.
She suggested going to the cinema.
或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.
60. 目前进行时表以后的动作
目前进行时表以后的动作，谓语一般为瞬间动词。如：come， go， arrive， leave， start， return， stay， meet， get等。这类动词的进行时后不可以再接具体的时间。
（1）用目前进行时表示以后，指的是最近的，按计划或安排要发生的动作。
（2）目前进行时表示以后与表示正在进行的动作有什么区别在于：前者一般用瞬间动词（有时一些常用动词也可以如此用如：do）如：go， come， start， return， get， arrive等。而后者一般是持续性动词。
The train is arriving soon. 火车就要进站了。
He is reading a novel. 他在看小说。
（3）用目前进行时表示以后的时间，在句中或上下文中一般有表示以后时间的状语。
（4）目前进行时与一般目前时表示以后动作有什么区别在于：前者表示的以后的动作总是是可以改变的，而后者则是依据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此总是是不可改变或不可随意改变的。
What are you doing next Friday？
下星期五你们计划做什么？
The plane takes off at 7：30 tonight.
飞机今晚七点半起飞。
